Rwanda: “History of … partner circumcision, … remained strongly associated with HIV-1 infection”: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8082965/
B&M Gates Foundation: male circumcision INCREASES HIV transmission 50%, halted the study, ignored the data: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)60998-3/fulltext
Uganda: 61% relative increase in HIV infection among female partners of HIV-positive circumcised men: HIV studies.
https://research.bond.edu.au/en/publications/sub-saharan-african-randomised-clinical-trials-into-male-circumci
Archive : https://archive.ph/97DmZ
Zambia: “Correlations between male circumcision and HIV prevalence were positive for a variety of socioeconomic groups.”: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31608845/
Two US States Study: Intact men less likely to engage in unprotected sex: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23514832/
Circumcision causes reduction of immunological Langerhans cells via keratinization of the remaining foreskin: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19184514/
Archive: https://archive.ph/qcMbn
Langerhans cells fight HIV transmission: https://www.nature.com/articles/nm1541
Archive: https://archive.ph/JrEIW
Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17334373/
Archive: https://archive.ph/R5FSQ
Langerhans cells limit HIV invasion: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2064110/
Archive: https://archive.ph/wip/4Rf2j
Langerhans cells fight HIV transmission: https://www.nature.com/articles/nm1541
Archive: https://archive.ph/JrEIW
Meta analysis: Circumcised men at greater risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV than intact men: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10215123/